Abuso sexual en niñas y adolescentes y su relación con el trastorno de estrés postraumático: Revisión sistemática a partir de la experiencia práctica

Abstract

Abstract: This curricular integration project addresses the problem of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents who have been victims of sexual abuse, identified during the clinical practicum experience (Practicum 4.1). A research question was formulated, leading to a systematic review of the scientific literature, as established by the PRISMA guidelines. The review focused on analyzing the relationship between experiences of sexual abuse and the presence of PTSD symptoms in a specific population aged 7 to 19. The six studies reviewed demonstrated a significant association between these two variables, highlighting age, chronic trauma trajectories, and the use of internalized coping strategies as predictors of symptom severity. Consequently, a simulated clinical case was developed for a 16-year-old adolescent diagnosed with severe PTSD secondary to intrafamilial sexual abuse. This case included identification data, reason for consultation, psychological evaluation using validated instruments, and a proposed intervention based on Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Addressing theory, practice, evidence, promoting a technical approach.