La prisión preventiva en el Ecuador: ¿Medida cautelar o pena anticipada? Análisis en delitos de tráfico ilícito de sustancias sujetas a fiscalización en la Unidad Judicial Penal de Loja durante el periodo 2022-2025.

Abstract

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the application of pretrial detention as a precautionary measure in cases involving the illicit trafficking of controlled substances at the Loja Criminal Judicial Unit between 2022 and 2025, in order to determine whether its implementation aligns with constitutional principles and guarantees. The analysis stems from the conflict surrounding the frequent use of this measure in drug-related offenses, which risks undermining its precautionary nature and effectively turning it into a form of anticipatory punishment. The study employs legal, doctrinal, and documentary research examining judicial rulings to identify deficiencies in legal reasoning and to verify the availability of alternative precautionary measures. The results highlight the need to reinforce the exceptional nature of pretrial detention, requiring a justification that analyzes individual circumstances and necessities. Consequently, the study underscores the importance of properly justifying the use of this measure so that it retains its intended character rather than serving as a premature sanction, thereby strengthening the protection of the constitutional rights and guarantees of the accused.