Evaluación antropométrica y propuesta de rediseño ergonómico en puestos administrativos para la prevención de trastornos musculoesqueléticos: análisis comparativo de ventajas y limitaciones.

Abstract

Abstract: This study addresses ergonomic risks and the resulting development of musculoskeletal disorders among the human resources administrative staff at the company TGJA. The primary objective of the research was to conduct an anthropometric assessment to propose an ergonomic redesign of workstations. The methodology employed a quantitative approach descriptive-comparative in scope and cross-sectional in design utilizing digital analysis tools (Goniotrans and Formcheck) for postural assessment, alongside the collection of static anthropometric measurements corresponding to the P5 and P95 administrative percentiles. The study demonstrates that the RULA and OWAS methods underestimate risk by focusing on dynamic activity; application of the ISO 11226 standard revealed critical, "unacceptable" conditions. A severe anthropometric mismatch was detected between standard fixed furniture and the physical dimensions of shorter users (P5 percentile), causing popliteal compression and visual misalignment. Ultimately, the study concludes that transitioning to a mixed ergonomic design model within the company is essential; consequently, a viable proposal is presented, based on the provision of adjustable mechanical accessories, the reorganization of desk work zones, and the mandatory implementation of active breaks to technically mitigate muscle fatigue.