Identificación de plagas emergentes y su incidencia en la producción de maíz (Zea mays L.) en pequeños productores del cantón Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas

Abstract

Abstract: Maize (*Zea mays* L.) cultivation in the Santo Domingo canton is a significant activity for small-scale producers; however, it faces phytosanitary issues that impact production and profitability. This study analyzed the presence of emerging pests and their perceived incidence in local maize production. A structured survey was administered to 40 producers selected via non-probability convenience sampling and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). The results revealed that the most frequently cited pest was the fall armyworm (*Spodoptera frugiperda*), with a perceived incidence of 95%, while the most prevalent diseases were common rust and tar spot, showing incidence rates of 45% and 37.5%, respectively. Additionally, a high reliance on chemical control measures was observed: 76.9% of production units use pesticides, and 84.6% prefer applying them every 15 days. There is a need to strengthen training in Integrated Pest Management, phytosanitary management, and technical assistance for maize production in Santo Domingo.