Hábeas corpus correctivo y vulnerabilidad extrema: análisis constitucional en Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: This study analyzed corrective *habeas corpus* as a judicial safeguard for the protection of fundamental rights within penitentiary centers. The objective was to examine the application of corrective *habeas corpus* in situations of extreme vulnerability, based on constitutional and jurisprudential standards. The theoretical framework addresses aspects such as the legal nature, characteristics, and typologies of *habeas corpus*, as well as the application of corrective *habeas corpus* and the *pro homine* principle. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on a doctrinal, normative, and jurisprudential analysis of the Constitution of Ecuador, international human rights instruments, and key rulings issued by the Constitutional Court. The results indicate that corrective *habeas corpus* constitutes a suitable constitutional mechanism for addressing violations of fundamental rights in penitentiary centers. Furthermore, the study highlights several challenges, including restrictive interpretations by some judges, a lack of uniformity in judicial criteria, non-compliance with constitutional rulings, and limitations stemming from the structural crisis of the Ecuadorian prison system. It is concluded that strengthening corrective *habeas corpus* requires the proper application of constitutional standards, effective compliance with judicial rulings, and the implementation of public policies aimed at improving conditions of detention, thereby guaranteeing human dignity and the comprehensive protection of fundamental rights.