La desnaturalización de la prisión preventiva en el proceso penal ecuatoriano: análisis jurídico del principio de excepcionalidad y su aplicación práctica

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzes the distortion of the nature of pretrial detention within the Ecuadorian criminal justice system, emphasizing the principle of exceptionality as a constitutional limit on the restriction of personal liberty. The study begins with the observation that the practical application of this precautionary measure has deviated from its exceptional character. Adopting a qualitative approach that incorporates legal, doctrinal, and jurisprudential analysis, the study employed a documentary analysis method based on a systematic review of current regulations, legal doctrine, and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador. The results revealed that this distortion manifests through the application of automatic criteria, insufficient consideration of alternative precautionary measures, the undue prolongation of the measure, and deficiencies in judicial reasoning. As a contribution, the study proposes a legal protocol designed to strengthen judicial oversight by establishing uniform criteria for the imposition, review, and substitution of pretrial detention, thereby helping to ensure the effective application of the principle of exceptionality and the protection of fundamental rights.