Desinformación y uso de la ia en los mensajes audiovisuales de las elecciones presidenciales de Ecuador 2025

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the creation and dissemination of audiovisual disinformation during Ecuador s 2025 presidential elections. Using a mixed-methods approach incorporating 432 citizen surveys, interviews with six experts, and focus groups involving women, young people, and rural residents the study evaluated public perception and institutional responses to this phenomenon. The findings reveal a contradiction inherent to the issue of vulnerability: while the electorate perceives little direct influence on their individual voting decisions, there is a broad consensus regarding the systemic risk that this technology poses to democratic integrity. This situation disproportionately affects women and rural areas through the use of deepfakes and manipulated audio. The research concludes that technological bans are insufficient, given the limited effectiveness of current regulations. Consequently, a hybrid model is proposed as a comprehensive solution, combining the mandatory labeling of manipulated content with the urgent implementation of digital media literacy programs to strengthen citizen resilience.