Motivación en las sentencias emitidas por los jueces de primer nivel en Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: This thesis analyzes the judgment in contentious-administrative case No. 17811-2020-01412, focusing on judicial reasoning as a guarantee of due process and legal certainty. The study examines the legality of acts by the State Comptroller General, evaluating the expiration of its sanctioning powers due to the lapse of statutory deadlines regarding the exercise of the *ius puniendi*. Through an exegetical and systemic analysis, the research determines the temporal scope of the state's sanctioning authority, which must strictly adhere to the law. The analyzed ruling concluded that the court acted correctly in declaring that the sanctioning power had not expired, taking into account the suspension of procedural deadlines resulting from the COVID-19 health emergency. The study argues that rigorous legal reasoning prevents executive discretion in the imposition of financial sanctions. Furthermore, it concludes that strict adherence to the legal framework ensures judicial proceedings that are rational, predictable, and subject to review, thereby protecting the fundamental rights of the governed against state actions.