Análisis longitudinal de las demandas psicosociales y su poder predictivo sobre el absentismo laboral en la Constructora Naval GVP SA

Abstract

Abstract: This study evaluated psychosocial demands and their predictive power regarding workplace absenteeism at Constructora Naval GPV S.A. through a longitudinal analysis, the CoPsoQ-Istas21 questionnaire (version 1.5) was administered at two points (March and June), supplemented by simple linear regression models and a targeted intervention plan. Data processing and statistical analysis were performed using the open-source statistical software JASP 0.98.1. The baseline assessment (March) revealed the highest prevalence of high risk in Dimension 6 (Esteem), with 50 % of the workforce falling into the unfavorable category. In the inferential analysis, individual predictive models for absenteeism did not reach statistical significance due to the small sample size (N = 10); however, dimension 1 (psychological demands) accounted for the greatest explained variance (R2= 0.141). Residual analysis for dimension 4 (social networks, social support, and leadership capacity) identified one influential case, highlighting critical individual vulnerability regarding organizational support. A prioritized action plan was designed for the intervention, focusing on Dimensions 4 and 1 based on non-parametric results- and Dimension 6, which showed the highest prevalence of high psychosocial risk. The longitudinal follow-up assessment (June), using the Wilcoxon signed- rank test, showed no statically significant changes, but revealed favorable descriptive trends with moderate to large effect sizes. Continued monitoring of absenteeism within the company is recommended.