Potencial terapéutico de metabolitos secundarios de origen microbiano (fúngico y bacteriano) en el desarrollo de fármacos antineoplásicos

Abstract

Abstract: The objectives of this research were to review the available scientific information on secondary metabolites produced by fungi and bacteria with antineoplastic activity, the mechanisms involved, and their potential application in the development of new drugs. Methodologically, this study was a systematic literature review involving a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of research-validated information. To identify, select, and evaluate the studies, the PRISMA guidelines were applied, which allowed for the systematic organization of each stage of the review from defining the search strategy to synthesizing the selected publications. This improved the verifiability of the analysis and reduced errors in compiling the scientific evidence, enabling the selection of 10 articles that strengthened this research. As a result, a wide variety of secondary metabolites produced by fungi and bacteria with antineoplastic activity was identified; among the most common molecular mechanisms were apoptosis, cell signaling, the DNA damage response, and immune system regulation, all of which contribute to antineoplastic activity. It is recommended to conduct further research into the molecular mechanisms of action of those secondary metabolites whose antitumor effect has already been experim.