Revisión narrativa sobre la farmacogenética como herramienta en la atención farmacéutica oncología: desafíos y perspectivas en el Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: Pharmacogenetics has been established as an important instrument for optimization of pharmaceutical care in oncology, because it allows personalization of pharmacotherapy according to the patient s genetic characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze its contribution to pharmaceutical care in oncology, identifying clinical benefits, challenges in its implementation and perspectives in the Ecuadorian context. A narrative literature review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciELO and Redalyc databases, emphasizing recent studies and international guidelines. The results indicate that pharmacogenetics can help to avoid adverse events, optimize dosing, and improve the efficacy of antineoplastic treatments, thus allowing safer and more patient-centered care. The role of the clinical pharmacist in the interpretation of results and the support of therapeutic decisions is also underlined. In Ecuador, although progress in genetic characterization has been made, its clinical application remains limited by economic, technological, regulatory and educational barriers. In conclusion, pharmacogenomics has a great potential to improve the quality of pharmaceutical care in oncology, however, its implementation requires a progressive approach.