Caracterización química y física del aceite esencial de Ambrossia peruviana (Marco) obtenido por extracción tradicional y fluidos supercríticos.

Abstract

The essential oil of the species Ambrossia peruviana (Asteraceae) which grows wild in the mountains of Ecuador was obtained by steam distillation and by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2 - SC). The vegetable sample showed an average yield of essential oil of 0,02% and a relative humidity of 74% in the extraction of the essential oil by steam distillation, the oil has a density at 20 ° C of 0,8869 g / cm3 and a refractive index of 1,4957. In the extraction with CO2 - SC a yield of 0.20% was obtained in extractions with a pressure of 150 bar and temperatures between 35 and 40 ° C. The chemical composition of the oil obtained by steam distillation and the extract obtained with CO2-SC was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to GC mass spectrometry. The major compounds identified in the essential oil of Ambrossia peruviana were: α-Farmasene (1,73%), ar-Curcumene (3,53%), γ-Curcumene (37,17%), Germacrene D (21,35) , Myrcene (3,82%). In the extract obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2 - SC), 25 compounds were determined.