Métodos diagnósticos para la detección precoz de cáncer de tiroides e identificación de factores de riesgo

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction:Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrinological neoplasia worldwide. In the last 20 years there has been an increase in the incidence in Latin America and mainly in our country Ecuador and in our locality Loja.Objectives:Determine the diagnostic methods for identification and predisposing risk factors for developing thyroid cancer.Methods:A systematic search of the literature was carried out using the main databases in English and Spanish: PubMed and LILACs include a systematic search for originalarticles in order to answer the research question posed.Results:The predisposing factors for thyroid cancer according to the 14 articles analyzed were: age, third and fourth decade of life, female sex, family history, radiation exposure, high BMI, overweight, obesity, hormone replacement therapy for menopause, positivity of IL-10, presence of the thyroglobulin gene ARG1980tro. In addition, the unilateral nodular clinical presentation, size of 2 and 4 cm, stony consistency, fixation to deep planes, poorlydefined contour, calcifications, hypoechogenicity, and normal thyroid function. Protective factors: people who smoke, drink and have a high or stable income.