Plantas medicinales de Sudamérica utilizadas para cáncer de próstata: estudios etnomédicos, farmacológicos y fitoquímico

Abstract

Abstract:Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death in men worldwide, diagnosed in 107 out of 206 countries, followed by lung cancer; and although the causes of this pathology are not entirely clear, it is believed to be associated with factors such as: lifestyle, age, ethnic and genetic factors. Due to the fact that conventional therapy presents limited anticancer activity together with its eminent degree of toxicity and adverse reactions, the development of numerous in vitro and in vivo assays that allow the identification of the potent cytotoxic and/or chemopreventive activity of natural compounds together with their mechanisms of action has been based. In South America, traditional medicine constitutes one of the most common health systems. In this work, information was compiled from 292 studies of the species most used in these countries to treat prostate cancer, their in vitro and in vivo studies, ethnomedical aspects together with their phytochemical composition. There were 137 species with ethnomedical reports grouped in 60 families, predominantly the Asteraceae and Fabaceae families, 83 species have in vitro and 23 in vivo studies; ethanolic (34.94%) and methanolic (18.07%) extracts are the most used in in vitro models while in in vivo models the most used extracts are aqueous (30.77%) and ethanolic (19.23%); in vitro the PC-3 cell line is the most used model (71.53%), while in vivo the nu/nu rodents are the most used model (65.38%), 46 compounds are reported of which 80.43% are active with concentrations from 10 μM to 50 μM.