Análisis de Convergencia Beta para los países sudamericanos. Periodo 1990-2020

Abstract

Abstract: Analyzing the processes of economic convergence in South America is a topic of great interest within the economy, since there are several ways to approach it depending on the theoretical position of the researcher with respect to economic growth and the variables you select to generate the model. This research focuses its analysis on beta convergence that determines whether countries Less developed countries are growing faster than more developed countries, so so that, over time, the economic gaps are reduced, for which the variable Gross Domestic Product per capita and its variation rate. The main objective that proposes is to determine if there is beta convergence for the South American countries during the period 1990 to 2020. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) methodology was used. The regression results showed a negative beta coefficient (β= - 31.24), which was interpreted in an inverse relationship between the variables and, therefore, gives indications that it could beta convergence exists, however, the t statistic (-0.98) shows that there is no validity statistics in the model, so the speed of convergence was analyzed (β*=1.20%) concluding that in South America there are no clear convergence processes at a global level. Finally, an analysis was carried out at the level of convergence clubs, that is, they grouped countries based on similar characteristics to see if they converge among them, obtaining the result that the models improve considerably and a group Ecuador and their neighbors where the convergence hypothesis is fully fulfilled.