Revisión bibliográfica sobre las tendencias de aprovechamiento y disposición de residuos del cultivo de maíz

Abstract

Abstract: 70% of the corn plant, made up of the stem, leaves, husks and cob, are you consider waste after harvest. Due to the large amount of corn stover generated, 73% of farmers choose to burn it in the open. Through a bibliographic review of scientific documents, it was determined that 23% of the authors point out that soil contamination is the most recurring problem, caused by anaerobic decomposition, leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus, accumulation of waste chemicals, including heavy metals such as lead and mercury, from fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides used during corn cultivation. In Ecuador there is a inadequate disposal and use of these wastes, due to lack of knowledge, little support from the authorities and the lack of economic resources, limiting farmers in the proper management of stubble. To combat this problem, selected and reviewed 30 scientific documents, where 10 technologies were identified applied by developing countries, which mostly points to the production of bioethanol as the most prominent.