Caracterización química y física del aceite esencial de Ambrossia peruviana (Marco) obtenido por extracción tradicional y fluidos supercríticos

Abstract

Abstract: The essential oil of the species Ambrossia peruviana (Asteraceae) which grows wild in the mountains of Ecuador was obtained by steam distillation and by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2 - SC). The vegetable sample showed an average yield of essential oil of 0,02% and a relative humidity of 74% in the extraction of the essential oil by steam distillation, the oil has a density at 20 ° C of 0,8869 g / cm3 and a refractive index of 1,4957. In the extraction with CO2 - SC a yield of 0.20% was obtained in extractions with a pressure of 150 bar and temperatures between 35 and 40 ° C. The chemical composition of the oil obtained by steam distillation and the extract obtained with CO2-SC was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to GC mass spectrometry. The major compounds identified in the essential oil of Ambrossia peruviana were: α-Farmasene (1,73%), ar-Curcumene (3,53%), γ-Curcumene (37,17%), Germacrene D (21,35) , Myrcene (3,82%). In the extract obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2 - SC), 25 compounds were determined.