Avances tecnológicos en el diagnóstico molecular: un enfoque hacia la medicina de precisión

Abstract

Abstract: Throughout time, medicine has undergone significant progress in its various areas and along with this, technologies have been developed that help in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of diseases. Also, these technological advances in diagnosis allow us to know the pathophysiological processes of an organism, thus providing genetic and molecular information, useful and applicable in medical attention with a personalized approach to the patient, which is defined as precision medicine. In this sense, the present study analyzes the main molecular techniques and their clinical applications within the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as the current situation of the country, challenges and perspectives that exist. For this purpose, a qualitative and descriptive methodology was used for the bibliographic search including research articles, books and studies that analyze technological advances, precision medicine, genomics, molecular diagnostics and others through the WoS tool. In conclusion, molecular diagnostic technologies contribute significantly to clinical and therapeutic management. In Ecuador, these technologies are mainly applied in the identification of disease-causing microorganisms, proving to be more effective than other traditional methods. Additionally, the use of artificial intelligence supports medical care by reducing waiting times and predicting diseases through data analysis.