Análisis químico y enantioselectivo del aceite esencial destilado de la especie Gynoxys calyculisolvens Hieron

Abstract

Abstract: In this study, the essential oil (EO) of the species Gynoxys caliculisolvens Hieron, collected in Saraguro canton, Loja province (Ecuador), was analyzed to determine its chemical and enantiomeric composition for the first time. The volatile fraction was obtained by steam distillation and its components were analyzed qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitatively by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), using polar and non-polar stationary phase columns. Qualitative identification was carried out by comparing linear retention indices and mass spectra with literature databases, while quantification was performed by calculating relative response factors based on combustion enthalpy. As a result, 96 compounds were identified, with α-pinene, germacrene D, (E)-β-caryophyllene, germacrene D-4-ol, and o-cymene being the most abundant. Additionally, an enantioselective analysis was performed using chiral columns based on β-cyclodextrin, where several enantiomers were identified, including (R)-(+)-α-pinene and (R)-(+)-germacrene D. According to the chemical composition and scientific literature, the EO is inferred to possess biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anesthetic, and antifungal properties.