Monitoreo geodésico y UAV en la gestión sostenible de deslizamientos de tierra superficiales y erosión de un entorno urbano susceptible

Abstract

Abstract: Slope movement monitoring in the Colinas Lojanas sector of Loja, Ecuador, was carried out using UAVs and GNSS. Twelve control points and photogrammetric support were established, and two monitoring campaigns were carried out with the Mavic 2 Pro drone to capture aerial images and generate high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos. The data were processed in QGIS, allowing the identification of significant topographic changes in the area. The analysis detected downward movements at the foot of the slope and upward movements at the body and head of the slope. The orthophotos revealed cracks and terrain modifications due to anthropogenic and natural factors. Elevation differences were quantified using DEM subtraction, revealing displacements related to vegetation cover and terrain. The combined use of UAVs and GNSS proved to be an accurate tool for monitoring centimeter-scale deformations over short periods of time. However, it is recommended to complement this with other topographic analyses to identify cracks more precisely. Furthermore, it would be useful to determine specific displacement thresholds for areas of increased activity.