Recursos fitogenéticos del café de especialidad en Sudamérica (Coffea sp.) e indicadores geográficos y de calidad. Un fundamento para la gestión de la conservación de su diversidad

Abstract

Abstract:Coffee is a product that plays an important role in the economies of producing countries, with the most important species being Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. In South America, countries such as Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil are especially recognized for their high production and, above all, their coffee quality. This raises the need to conserve their plant genetic resources, a valuable agricultural material, considering the adaptation of varieties to current conditions and future requirements for genetic improvement. This study was able to determine the importance of genetic variability by finding a significant diversity of Coffea arabica varieties in the main specialty competitions. The trend and significance of variety distribution were also determined, including scores, altitude ranges, and processing processes, which did not show significant differences. Finally, strategies were proposed based on comprehensive criteria for the diversity of specialty coffee. Considering components such as the sustainable use of natural resources and biotechnological methods under ex situ conservation.