Aislamiento Social y su efecto en la salud mental del adulto mayor: revisión sistemática a partir de la experiencia práctica

Abstract

Abstract: This Curriculum Integration Project examined the relationship between social isolation and mental health in older adults. A systematic review was conducted in international databases according to the PRISMA guidelines. After filtering and critical appraisal, 10 studies were included. The results indicated that isolation doubled the probability of symptoms of depression and anxiety, in addition to accelerating cognitive decline. In contrast, community participation and social support exerted a significant protective effect. Based on these findings, a simulated clinical case of a 64-year-old woman with severe isolation was designed. Validated instruments (UCLA-Loneliness, LSNS-6, GDS-15, MMSE, among others) and a cognitive-behavioral intervention protocol focused on behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, and strengthening the support network were applied. This work integrated theory, empirical evidence, and professional practice, and proposes an ethical and replicable model for the care of older adults in resource-limited contexts.