Impacto de plagas y enfermedades de relevancia económica en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y estrategias de prevención en San Jacinto de Buena Fe, provincia de Los Ríos

Abstract

Abstract: In this study, the economic effect of pests and diseases on the production of cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L) in the San Antonio del Congo sector, located in the San Jacinto canton of Buena Fe, Los Ríos province, was evaluated. To this end, surveys were applied to 40 producers in the area. It was established that muleteer ants, termites, moniliasis and witch broom are seen as the most significant economic threats causing loss of up to 80% of income. It was established that 70% of farmers allocate between 500 and 1000 dollars per year per hectare to manage phytosanitary problems and more than 60% value profitability as highly positive, with an income of 2500 to 3000 dollars for each production cycle. Sales are mostly carried out through intermediaries, which limits access to markets with higher profit margins. Farmers apply chemical and cultural controls, but without technical criteria due to lack of government support. A holistic phytosanitary and organizational approach promotes economic, social and environmental sustainability of cocoa.