Revisión documental exploratoria de estrategias pedagógicas basadas en el arte para desarrollar pensamiento crítico en educación media ecuatoriana y propuesta de marco teórico

Abstract

Abstract: In this study, I analyze how art-based pedagogical strategies can foster critical thinking (CT) in secondary education in Ecuador. To do so, we conducted a scoping review based on the PRISMA method with five research projects published between 2015 and 2024. By processing the findings in MAXQDA using co-occurrence matrices, we discovered something key: forum theater stood out as the most effective technique (with 26 co-occurrences linked to advanced clarification of ideas). On the other hand, adapted visual arts, such as the analysis of abstract paintings, showed potential for developing inference (5 co-occurrences), although they require adjustments to overcome resource limitations in rural contexts. Music presented empirical gaps (0 co-occurrences). The next step was to validate the findings with a triangulation of sources, both theoretical and expert. The study proposes a practical theoretical framework with low-cost protocols, validated by experts and integrated into the Ecuadorian curriculum. It offers a solid approach for positioning contextually grounded art as a viable tool to foster CT in resource-limited settings.