Análisis crítico de la tipificación del femicidio en el COIP: los desafíos en la dificultad probatoria respecto de los elementos constitutivos del delito y sus consecuencias en el sistema de justicia

Abstract

Abstract: This research focused on a critical analysis of the classification of femicide in the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code (COIP), diagnosing a dogmatic-evidential crisis that translates into a high rate of impunity, given that only 40% of these cases resulted in a sentence by 2021; addressing the complexity of proving the normative elements of gender motivation and power relations, whose ambiguity encourages the reclassification of the crime to less serious criminal offenses. The main contribution of the study lies in the proposal of a structured objective-contextual interpretative model, establishing a model that seeks to rescue the criminal offense by interpreting gender motivation as a manifestation of structural subordination, transcending the requirement to prove the personal psychological hatred of the aggressor, in accordance with the guiding principles of human rights. The legal-doctrinal methodology emphasizes the need to formalize the mandatory use of specialized contextual expertise (such as psychological autopsy) to support accusations. Thus, this research contributes crucial guidelines for optimizing investigation and prosecution, aligning the criminal justice system with the obligation of enhanced due diligence and combating the reproduction of judicial stereotypes.