Diseño de Políticas públicas para incentivar la adopción de comportamientos sustentables: Una perspectiva desde la economía conductual

Abstract

Abstract: This research addressed the ineffectiveness of conventional sustainability policies by establishing that Behavioral Economics (BE) is a crucial theoretical perspective for correcting behaviors that perpetuate the environmental crisis (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Quantitative analysis confirmed this need, showing economic growth coupled with increasing emissions (Figures 1, 2, 3) and strong post-pandemic systemic inertia, demonstrating that current decarbonization is not structural. Through network analysis (Figures 7, 8), the work of Thaler and Sunstein (2008) was consolidated as the conceptual pillar guiding policy design. The thesis questioned the transnational effectiveness of these policies, rejecting the "one-size-fits-all" notion due to the contextual failure of nudges (Ocean & Woodman, 2025). Furthermore, as a central contribution, the Hybrid Integration Model for Transnational Effectiveness was formalized. This is a strategic roadmap with three axes (DMIR, CADI, EDCA) designed to overcome economic and behavioral barriers (Ku, 2026). This model combines regulation, behavioral design, and competency development, serving as the prescribed pathway to address the geographical inequality of evidence. Nevertheless, its unified empirical validation and application in Latin American contexts (Table 6) remain pending as future research agenda.