Optimización de una crema tópica de anfotericina B y aceite esencial de Bursera graveolens: caracterización fisicoquímica y biofarmacéutica

Abstract

Abstract: Cutaneous fungal infections continue to represent a significant public health problem, especially in immunocompromised populations. Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent used for its high efficacy against pathogenic fungi; however, its topical application presents limitations related to its low solubility, chemical instability, and high molecular weight (924.079 g/mol). The essential oil of Bursera graveolens has demonstrated antifungal activity and synergistic potential, making it a viable option as an adjuvant in topical formulations. The physical characterization of the optimized cream includes the evaluation of organoleptic aspects such as color, odor, and appearance, as well as the determination of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and homogeneity. Spreadability and viscosity allow for the assessment of ease of application and the cream's ability to form a uniform film on the skin, while the pH must be within a range compatible with the skin's physiological pH to avoid irritation. Chemical characterization focuses on the identification and quantification of amphotericin B in the formulation. Validated analytical techniques are used to determine the integrity of the active ingredient and detect potential degradation products. Biopharmaceutical characterization includes in vitro release studies, which are essential for evaluating drug availability at the site of action and its potential therapeutic efficacy.