Revegetación de áreas mineras: Análisis de estrategias y eficacia para recuperar servicios ecosistemáticos

Abstract

Abstract: This study analyzed 29 research projects on revegetation strategies in mining areas of tropical ecosystems, with the aim of evaluating their effectiveness in restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services. The systematic review identified that the most frequently applied practices were planting native species, direct seeding, soil enrichment, natural succession, and mixed strategies, used in different tropical mining contexts. The strategies analyzed showed different results, among which it is noteworthy that planting native species allowed for the restoration of initial vegetation cover and the reactivation of basic ecological processes, although with relatively low levels of diversity; direct seeding stabilized the area and reduced erosion in early stages; and soil enrichment was essential to improve soil conditions and promote plant establishment. and natural succession progressed slowly in sites with high degradation, while mixed practices stood out for their sustainability and greater functional recovery of the ecosystem. Likewise, it was found that factors such as substrate quality, appropriate species selection, community participation, and prolonged monitoring are critical to ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of revegetation processes, allowing the identification of integrated approaches as the most suitable practices for ecological restoration in mining areas of tropical ecosystems. Based on the results, it is concluded that ecological restoration requires integrated and adaptive approaches.