Migrantes ecuatorianos en el mercado laboral estadounidense: un análisis del capital humano, periodo 2007 - 2023

Abstract

Abstract: The main objective of this research is to analyze Ecuadorian migrants in the U.S. labor market, focusing on human capital, for the period 2007-2023. To this end, the American Community Survey (ACS) database is used, which provides information on educational attainment, English proficiency, work experience, and other sociodemographic variables that allow for an understanding of a migrant's profile. For the research analysis, a multiple linear regression econometric model is developed to help understand the determinants of income. The results indicate that higher education leads to higher incomes, unlike those with only primary and secondary education, who earn lower incomes. Furthermore, English proficiency and employment status are directly related to income; however, gender gaps persist, and valuing the human capital developed in the country of origin remains a challenge in the U.S. labor market. Overall, these results confirm the importance of human capital accumulation, reflected in higher levels of education, language proficiency, and labor equity, as key factors for the integration of Ecuadorian migrants into the economy of the destination country.