Dictadura militar y reproducción del capital: La Ley de Seguridad Nacional como instrumento de violencia de clase en Ecuador (1963-1966)

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzes the 1964 National Security Law as a legal and political instrument serving the reproduction of capital in Ecuador during the military dictatorship (1963-1966). From a historical-critical and Marxist perspective, it examines how the law was used to legitimize class violence, criminalize the mobilization of workers, peasants, and students, and consolidate a Bonapartist state model dependent on internal and transnational interests. The research articulates state theory, subaltern historiography, and legal analysis, demonstrating the transformation of legality into a device of social and political control. Through primary and secondary sources, including declassified archives, opposition newspapers, and academic literature, the mechanisms of repression and resistance are reconstructed. The findings allow us to understand the persistence of authoritarian power structures in contemporary legislation, providing critical tools for the interpretation of law and the formulation of public policies oriented towards historical memory and social emancipation.