Análisis estadístico del vínculo entre el nivel educativo y los ingresos laborales de jóvenes de 25 a 35 años en Ecuador: evidencia provincial basada en microdatos el periodo 2020 2024

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzes the relationship between educational level and labor income among Ecuadorian youth aged 25 to 35 during the period 2021 2024, using microdata from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment (ENEMDU). A non-parametric quantitative descriptive approach was applied, and a Mincer model was estimated to identify wage returns associated with education. The results show statistically significant differences in income according to the level of education attained. On average, individuals with higher education earn 76% more than those who only hold a high school diploma. Additionally, persistent wage gaps are identified. In terms of gender, women earn 28% less than men, even when controlling for variables such as age and educational level. At the territorial level, important differences are observed between urban and rural areas. Urban zones show a more dynamic post-pandemic wage recovery, particularly in provinces such as Pichincha and Guayas, while rural areas exhibit slower recovery due to higher levels of labor informality. These findings confirm that education is a key determinant of labor income. Public policies are required to reduce structural inequalities.