Transición energética en América Latina, una perspectiva de largo plazo.

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzes the energy transition in Latin America from a long-term perspective (1965-2024), with a special focus on the cases of Brazil, Chile and Argentina. Using a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, grounded in the Multilevel Framework of Socio-Technical Transitions (MLP), the study primarily examines structural variables such as primary energy consumption, the share of fossil fuels and renewables in the energy mix, the carbon intensity of electricity generation, and the advancement of non-conventional renewable energies (NCRE) such as solar and wind. The results show distinct trajectories among these countries: Brazil clearly exhibits sustained diversification driven by its strength in the hydroelectricity and biofuels sectors. Chile s transition is characterized by non-conventional renewable energy (NCRE). Finally, Argentina shows a lower rate of renewable substitution, with hydrocarbons remaining dominant in its energy mix. Thus, the energy transition in the Latin American region is heterogenous and conditioned by structural factors and the availability of natural resources.