Revisión bibliográfica de las consecuencias del uso de agroquímicos sobre el medio ambiente.

Abstract

Abstract: The intensive use of agrochemicals has contributed to increasing agricultural productivity; however, it has also raised concerns due to its adverse effects on the environment and human health. The objective of this study was to review and systematize the scientific evidence regarding the consequences of pesticide use on the environment, soil biota, food, and human health. The research was conducted through a literature review using the PSALSAR approach, complemented by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, through the identification, selection, and analysis of scientific articles retrieved from indexed databases. The results allowed the classification of the main types of pesticides according to their active ingredients, formulations, mechanisms of action, and toxicological categories. In addition, significant impacts on soil, water, air, and biodiversity were identified, as well as the presence of pesticide residues in food and their association with neurological, respiratory, endocrine, and carcinogenic disorders in exposed populations. It is concluded that the inappropriate use of pesticides represents a major challenge to the sustainability of agricultural systems, highlighting the need to strengthen integrated pest management strategies, environmental monitoring, and public policies aimed at protecting ecosystems and public health.