Estudio comparativo de algoritmos de detección MIMO bajo desvanecimiento Rayleigh por bloques: ZF, MMSE, ML y detección iterativa

Abstract

Abstract: This Curricular Integration Work analyzes the performance of detection algorithms in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems under block Rayleigh fading conditions, comparing ZF (Zero Forcing), MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error), ML (Maximum Likelihood) and SD (Sphere Decoder) techniques. Through Python simulations using a 2x2 antenna configuration and BPSK (Binary Phase-Shift Keying) modulation, the BER (Bit Error Rate) was evaluated as a function of the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio). The results demonstrate that, while linear algorithms present limitations in the presence of interface, the Sphere Decoder replicates the optimal accuracy of the ML algorithm with a reduced computational load. The main contribution of this study lies in the validation of the Sphere Decoder as the most efficient architecture to balance robustness and computational complexity, guaranteeing reliable reception in wireless environments, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional methods, and offering a viable solution for next-generation communication systems (MIMO systems)