Revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de biopolímeros como sistemas de liberación controlada en formulaciones farmacéuticas

Abstract

Abstract: This literature review examined the use of biopolymers as controlled-release systems in pharmaceutical formulations. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, together with a qualitative synthesis and reporting in line with PRISMA 2020. Searches conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science yielded 134 records. After 24 duplicates were removed, 110 records were screened and 54 full-text documents were assessed. The final synthesis covered 35 content-related publications, whereas five methodological sources were kept solely to support the review process and its reporting. Literature reviews accounted for most of the evidence (33; 94.3%), while only two original studies were found (5.7%). Among sources addressing particular biopolymers, chitosan and gelatin appeared most often, followed by alginate and pectin. The most common architectures included nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanogels, coatings, and nanoparticle hydrogel hybrid systems. Available evidence indicates that these materials may support sustained or localized delivery. Still, comparisons are restricted by differences in the materials, incomplete descriptions of experimental conditions, and the small number of primary studies. Thus, the selected biopolymer should correspond to the architecture, production method, release profile, and intended pharmaceutical use.