Motivación en las sentencias emitidas por los jueces de primer nivel en Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the way judges in Ecuador justify their judicial decisions, taking as a reference judgment No. 17322-2024-0XXXX. The research seeks to determine whether judicial rulings clearly and coherently explain the reasons supporting the final decision. The motivation of a judgment is considered a fundamental guarantee within due process, as it allows the parties involved to understand how the evidence was assessed and how legal rules were applied in resolving the case. The methodology used in this research follows a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on the review and analysis of legal documents and judicial rulings. In addition, questionnaires and observation forms were applied to evaluate the clarity, coherence, and legal reasoning contained in the analyzed judgments. The ELSER model was also used as an evaluation tool to examine the structure of the rulings, the logical reasoning applied by judges, and the relationship between facts, evidence, and legal provisions considered in the final decision. The results of the study reveal both strengths and weaknesses in the judicial reasoning process. Approximately 68% of the analyzed judgments present deficiencies related to the explanation and assessment of evidence, while only 32% show a clearer, more coherent, and sufficiently developed legal argumentation. These findings demonstrate that, although many rulings formally comply with the duty to motivate decisions, significant shortcomings still exist in the depth and clarity of judicial reasoning. In conclusion, the study highlights that judicial motivation should not be treated merely as a legal formality, but as an essential safeguard of due process and legal certainty. A well-reasoned judgment strengthens public confidence in the justice system, guarantees the right to defense, and helps citizens better understand the legal grounds upon which judicial decisions are based.