Determinación de las propiedades físicas, composición química y evaluación de la actividad biológica del aceite esencial de Chenopodium ambrosioides (Paico) de la provincia de Loja

Abstract

Chenopodium ambrosioides, commonly known as Paico, is an aromatic, perennial plant that grows in humid and low soils, the essential oil of this plant was extracted by distillation. Its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to CG / EM mass spectrometry and the CG / FID flame ionization detector. The biological activity was evaluated by the microdilution method in broth expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the antioxidant activity by means of two spectrophotometric methods ABTS + and DPPH. The physical properties of the essential oil were also determined. A total of 22 compounds representing 92.86 % of the essential oil were identified, with the following compounds: Limonene (29.73 %), Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol <trans-β-(10.86 %), P-Cymene (8.92 %), α-Terpinene (8.83 %), Mentha-1 (7), 8-dien-2-ol <trans-β- (6.90 %). The density of the oil was 0.9494 g/cm 3, refractive index of 1.4828; And optical activity of -75.98 °. The essential oil had weak biological activity against E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a MIC of 0,625 mg /mL. The essential oil presented antioxidant activity only for the ABTS + method at a concentration of 10000 ppm with a percentage decrease of 81.93 %.