Pedagogical and Social Factors that Influence the Learning Process of English as a Foreign Language in Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: This research studied the pedagogical and social factors that influence the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning process in a public educational institution in Cariamanga, Loja, Ecuador. The main objective was to examine how these factors affect students English learning. The study sample comprised 30 high school students and 3 English teachers. The approach used was mixed methods, combining quantitative and qualitative procedures. The techniques applied were surveys and semi-structured interviews, and the instruments included questionnaires for students and teachers, as well as an interview guide for 10 selected students. The results show that pedagogical aspects such as methodology, planning, activities, resources, assessment, and feedback, together with social elements like classroom environment, family support, motivation, and socioeconomic level, have a significant impact on students learning experiences. Overall, the findings revealed that improving teaching practices and strengthening social support can enhance the EFL learning process.